PM 2.5 (Fine Particulate Matter)
Tiny particles ≤2.5 micrometers that can penetrate deep into lungs
and bloodstream. Major sources: vehicle emissions, industrial
activities, and combustion. Health effects: respiratory issues,
heart disease, reduced lung function.
PM 2.5
--
µg/m³
PM 10 (Coarse Particulate Matter)
Particles ≤10 micrometers from dust, pollen, and mold. Sources:
construction sites, unpaved roads, agriculture. Health effects:
irritates eyes, nose, and throat; aggravates asthma and lung
diseases.
PM 10
--
µg/m³
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)
Reddish-brown gas from fuel combustion. Primary sources: vehicles,
power plants, industrial facilities. Health effects: inflames
airways, reduces immunity to lung infections, worsens asthma
symptoms.
Nitrogen Dioxide
--
µg/m³
Ozone (O₃)
Ground-level ozone formed when pollutants react with sunlight. Not
emitted directly but created from vehicle and industrial
emissions. Health effects: chest pain, coughing, throat
irritation, congestion, reduced lung function.
Ozone
--
µg/m³
Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂)
Colorless gas with pungent odor from burning coal and oil.
Sources: power plants, metal processing, petroleum refineries.
Health effects: breathing difficulties, respiratory illness,
aggravates existing heart disease.
Sulphur Dioxide
--
µg/m³
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Odorless, colorless gas from incomplete fuel combustion. Sources:
vehicles, stoves, furnaces, generators. Health effects: reduces
oxygen delivery to body organs, causes dizziness, confusion, can
be fatal in high concentrations.
Carbon Monoxide
--
µg/m³